fructo-oligosaccharides typically refer to short-chain oligosaccharides comprised of d-fructose and d-glucose, containing from 3 to 5 monosaccharide units, similar molecules are obtained by partial enzymatic hydrolysis of inulines. those ar produced on a commercial scale from sucrose using a fungal fructo syltransferase enzyme. fos may have anticareinogenic, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic actions in some. they may also help improve mineral absorption and balance, and may have anti-osteoporotic and anti-osteopenic activitives,it is can promote the growth of favorable bacterial populations, such as bifidobacteria. fos appear to be of benefit in modulating the microbial ecology of the gut, boosting gastrointestinal immunity, they protect against colon cancer, and may have favorable lipid effects in some, it is also aid in calcium absorption. there is evidence that fos can improve the microbial ecology of the gut and protect against some bacterial pathogens, particularly in the large intestine. fos selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and also have many of the actions and benefits of dietary fibers.