nonradioactive material. better launching ability of electrons than thoriated tungsten electrode, low arc ignition, good arc stability. when in the anode, allowed current density 5-8% higher than thoriated tungsten electrode, high dc allowed current density, longevity of service, applicable on ac or dc welding, and the service time is longer than thoriated tungsten electrode at the case of commensurate. generally be used for the welding of steel carbonization, stainless steel and titanium.