parker neem oil is manufactured by 100% natural cold pressed method. mode of action: a very wide spectrum of phytophagous insect pests is likely to be affected by this formulation. the formulation controls the pest population by triple action activity of feeding deterrence, oviposition inhibition and insect growth regulatory activity as follows: as an anti-feedant, azadirachtin is quite strong because when the insect eats the neem treated material, they loose their appetite. hence, the insect will prefer to die of starvation rather than feeding on the treated surface. second, parker neem oil has a repellent action. i.e. insects will fly away; therefore they will not eat the treated crop and also not lay eggs in the farm. as a result the population of the insects is reduced. parker neem oil also interferes with the molting hormone therefore the larvae fails to pass on to the next instars and die prematurely. adult insect avoid laying egg on azadirachtin treated surface and this way the treated plants escape the attack from the larvae subsequently. parker neem oil have been found to be effective against a number of insect-pests on a variety of crops. it controls aphids, thirps, plant hoppers, white flies, caterpillar, fruit borer, leaf miner, jassids and many other pests. recommendations for use: parker neem oil gives best results when used as a preventive. monitor the field continuously for pest attack. when the population is low or when the damage symptoms just begin to appear, apply parker neem oil @ 4 ml per liter of water and spray it in such a way that it covers whole crop canopy or foliage. parker neem oil gives protection for 10-15 days. however, continuous monitoring is essential. subsequent sprays should be applied as and when necessary.